The paper summarizes some basic issues related to the protection of people against the danger resulting from a radiological weapon or the so-called dirty bomb which can potentially be used in terrorist or other malevolent attacks. The properties of radioactive material utilized for this purpose and the quantification of the exposure of affected persons, the prevention measures against and consequences of radiological acts as well as appropriate arrangements aimed at minimizing their impacts are described. In addition, an overview of global initiatives addressing the fight against terrorism in general, including CBRN terrorism, is also presented.

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